| Forward collision warning was found to have potential to prevent 23.8% of crashes involving large trucks included in the LTCCS database |
The estimates are based on real-world crash data collected in Large Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS) which was conducted from 2001 to 2003. The LTCCS study conducted on-scene investigations for real-world crashes and produced a database of 1070 accidents. This data was used to make case by case estimations of the applicability of crash avoidance countermeasures for each crash based on expert knowledge on the analysed systems and their effectiveness in various crash scenarios. |
Kingsley, K. J. |
2009 |
Evaluating crash avoidance countermeasures using data from FMCS's/NHTSA's large truck accident causation study. Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference (ESV) - International Congress Center Stuttgart, Germany, June 15–18, 2009. |
| Reduction of 5-10% of CO2 emissions for cruise control systems is mentioned in the literature. For automatic cruise control, reductions of 0.5-5% in CO2 emissions have been reported. |
The results are based on a literature study. |
Klunder, G. A., Malone, K., Mak, J., Wilmink, I. R., Schirokoff, A., Sihvola, N., Holmén, C., Berger, A., de Lange, R., Roeterdink, W. and Kosmatopoulos, E. |
2009 |
Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Energy Efficiency in Road Transport - Final Report. TNO report for the European Commission. |
| A normal driver is able to avoid a collision with a vehicle in front in 8 percent of all cases thanks to Brake Assist (classic).A normal driver is able to avoid a collision with a vehicle in front in 20 percent of all cases and to reduce the severity in an additional 25 percent thanks to DISTRONIC PLUS (ACC, collision warning) and BAS PLUS (enhanced braking assist). A normal driver is able to avoid or mitigate each second collision with a vehicle in front respectively each fourth with a vehicle behind thanks to the DRISTONIC PLUS (ACC, collision warning, brake assist, emergency braking, parking support) package. |
Accident causation study based on German GIDAS statistics as well as data mining of spare parts logistics for Daimler. |
Schittenhelm, H. |
2009 |
The vision of accident free driving - how efficient are we actually In avoiding or mitigating longitudinal real world accidents. 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Stuttgart, 2009. http://www.esv2009.com |
| Both unadaptive and adaptive forward collising warning (FCW) systems benefited driver safety in rural conditions. When the system was functional, brake reaction time was reduced and during the braking events, drivers remained further from a collision with a lead vehicle. Neither sensation seeking nor an individual driver's brake reaction time affected the speed of their response to the traffic events. Benefits of the adaptive system were demonstrated for aggressive drivers (high sensation seeking, short followers). The aggressive drivers rated each FCW more poorly than their non-aggressive contemporaries. However, this group, with their greater risk of involvement in rear-end collisions, reported a preference for the adaptive system as they found it less irritating and stress-inducing. Achieving greater acceptance and hence likely use of a real system is fundamental to good quality FCW design. |
A driving simulator study involving 45 drivers. |
Jamson, A.H.; Lai, F.C.H.; Carsten, O.M.J. |
2008 |
Potential benefits of an adaptive forward collision warning system. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Volume 16, Issue 4, August 2008, Pages 471-484 |
| A statistically significant 28% reduction in rear-end crashes related to the deployment of the three analysed safety systems was found. However, the largest share of this benefit came from the effect of collision warning system (CWS). |
The safety effects were estimated using a statistical model and information on the frequency and severity of rear-end conflicts encountered during the field operational test. The field operational test involved a baseline fleet of 20 vehicles, the control fleet of 50 vehicles equipped with a collision warning system (CWS) and the test fleet of 50 vehicles equipped with both CWS, adaptive cruise control (ACC) and electronically controlled brake system (ECBS). |
Lehmer, M. J., Brown, V., Carnell, R., Christiaen, A-C., McMillan, N., Orban, J., Stark, G., Miller, R. and Rini N. A. |
2007 |
Volvo trucks field operational test: evaluation of advanced safety systems for heavy trucks. Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference (ESV) in Lyon, France, June 18-21, 2007. |
| Intelligent vehicles with automatic cruise control and lane departure warning system reduced accidents by 8% (Dutch Field test) and saved 3% of fuel. The system reduced emissions by up to 60% less pollution in specific situations. In general, emissions decreased by up to 10% when driving with ACC and LDW. |
The report is a literature study. The results are based on a Dutch field test. |
Reinhardt, W. and Kompfner, P. |
2007 |
ICT for Clean & Efficient Mobility Final Report Draft, v6.0, 12-12-2007 |
| Automatic collision avoidance system, as an integrated system of forward collision warning and automatic cruise control functions, has the potential to prevent about 6 to 15 percent of all rear-end crashes depending on the source of crash data used for safety benefits estimation. This system effectiveness ranges between 3 and 26 percent according to 95 percent confidence bounds. |
The results are based on data collected from a field operational test involving 10 vehicles and 66 drivers and on a system characterization test. |
Najm W., Stearns M., Howarth H. Koopmann J. and Hitz J. |
2006 |
Evaluation of an Automotive Rear-End Collision Avoidance System, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, USA. |
| The possibilities of current ACC systems in improving traffic safety and reducing congestion seem limited: although positive effects on driver safety and traffic safety were found, some negative effects are a cause for concern. The ACC systems should be extended with a Stop-and-Go functionality and preferably also with collision warning or collision avoidance capabilities. |
The results presented were based on a literature study on subject. |
Hoethink, A. |
2003 |
Advanced Cruise Control in the Netherlands: a critical review. 10th World Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services, Madrid 16-20 November 2003. Proceedings, CD-ROM. ERTICO, ITS Europe |
| Effectiveness of Forward Obstacles Collision Warning Systems using the in-vehicle information and the road-side information was evaluated introducing the velocity at 100m point forward the obstacle as a new evaluation criteria. As the results, it was clarified that the integrated road side/in-vehicle information has significant effectiveness. |
Simulator studies |
Yamada, K. |
2002 |
Evaluation of forward obstacles collision avoidance support system using driving simulator. 9th World congress on intelligent transport systems, Chicago October 14-17 2002. Proceedings, CD-ROM. |
| The number of annoying warning can be reduced. It is also possible to predict the braking action, using the Hidden Markov Models applied in real traffic situations. |
A collision warning system based on the prediction of driver's braking action was developed. Results of the study are based on field experiments with 18 people. |
Sakabe M., Watanabe K. & Ohno H. |
2002 |
Development of a collision warning system based on the prediction of driver's braking action. 9th World congress on intelligent transport systems, Chicago October 14-17 2002 |
| Without warning, the braking time increases as the awareness level decreases. A warning system that can compensate for a decline in driver perceptual ability caused by sleepiness is effective. |
Results of the study are based on measurements of reaction time and some measurements in real traffic situations. |
Yamada, K. |
2000 |
Driver reaction time to forward vehicle collision warning - effectiveness of warning system under low awareness level. 7th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, Turin 6-9 November 2000. Proceedings, CD-ROM. ERTICO - ITS Europe |
